Most of the popular science essays on the history of geographic discoveries in this book, sensational. The indisputable facts, hypotheses and reasoning are very interesting and designed for a wide audience of readers, especially historians and geographers. Scientists, researchers and those with a great interest in the history of geography, for them reveal some of the secrets of navigators and travelers such as J.Columbus, A.Vespucci, V.Pinson, P.Cabral, S.Cabot, M.Corterial, V.de Balboa, F.Magellan, H.Hudson, F.Nansen, R.Amundsen, R.Peary, R.Scott. The study reveals new facts based on the historical and scientific activities of M. Waldzemüller, P. Toscanelli, M. Beheim, Suleiman al-Mahri and other scientists in the field of geographical discoveries. Thanks to recent studies, it has become clear that there are questionable points in the discovery of America. For example, Vespucci was not the author of the letters that brought him worldwide fame, he did not discover the mouth of the Amazon River, participated not in four, but two voyages to the New World and did not sail to 520 S., Brazil was discovered not by Cabral, but in 1494 by D. Pereira, the findings of Admiral Piri Reis' sensational map, etc. may interest many readers.