Stephen Crane, born on November 1, 1871, in Newark, New Jersey, was the fourteenth child of Methodist parents. He began writing at an early age and had several articles published by the time he was 16. After briefly attending Syracuse University, Crane left in 1891 to pursue a career in journalism and literature.In 1893, Crane self-published his first novel, Maggie: A Girl of the Streets, which is considered one of the earliest works of American literary naturalism. He gained international acclaim with his Civil War novel, The Red Badge of Courage (1895), despite having no personal war experience. This novel is recognized for its realistic portrayal of a soldier's psychological turmoil.Crane's later years were marked by adventurous journalism, including covering conflicts in Greece and Cuba. He formed a lasting relationship with Cora Taylor, and they eventually settled in England, where he became friends with writers like Joseph Conrad and H.G. Wells. Plagued by financial difficulties and ill health, Crane died of tuberculosis on June 5, 1900, at the age of 28.