In this book, we have discussed the investigation of the association of serum leptin, BMI, biochemical, and most important inflammatory markers such as TNF- ¿ and IL-6 and CRP in CVD patients and compared with non-CVD subjects. We have also investigated the monomeric form of CRP in these subjects. The effect of leptin on the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF- ¿ and IL-6 and ob- RB were studied in vitro in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by adding hormone of different concentrations to the cultures. Our results suggest that leptin might stimulate inflammation by triggering the TNF- ¿ and IL-6 secretion which is, in turn, might signal for the synthesis of CRP, thereby promoting the incidence of CVD.