Combining conceptual insights with empirical data, this handbook explains what compliance is, what mechanisms and interventions shape it, how it is studied, and how it functions in practice across different sectors. It is for academics studying compliance and regulation and professionals managing compliance systems or forms of regulatory oversight. 'This sweeping book is an invaluable compendium of key insights gleaned from hundreds of studies on all aspects of compliance. Tapping into scholarship from a wide array of domains, the authors strip away disciplinary jargon and provide structure to enable readers of all backgrounds to learn how government and private-sector rules are established, monitored, and enforced.' Michael Toffel, Technology and Operations Management, Harvard Business School