The Pirkei Avoth, meaning literally "Chapters of the parents," is an anthology of maxims and sayings of the wise men of Israel who belong to the Mishnah. These aphorisms and parables, expressed with great concision and brightness, have a moral and philosophical sense, but they also keep an esoteric meaning. This new version is intended, especially starting from the Ladino text, but relying on the Hebrew text too and on the classic commentators.