Pharmacology is a branch of biology. It studies drug action and explores the interactions between living organisms and chemicals that have an influence on normal or abnormal biochemical function. Drugs can be man-made, natural or endogenous. The field of pharmacology studies the design, composition, properties and synthesis of drugs. Toxicology and pharmacology are interrelated areas of study. The field of toxicology studies the adverse reactions of chemical substances on living organisms as well as the diagnosis and treatment of exposures to toxins and toxicants. Dosage, route of exposure, age, sex, species and the environment are significant factors that determine chemical toxicity and its effect. The aim of this book is to present researches that have transformed the disciplines of pharmacology and toxicology and aided their advancement. It also covers in detail some existing theories and innovative concepts of these fields. This book is a vital tool for all researching or studying pharmacology and toxicology as it gives incredible insights into emerging trends and concepts.