More than half the nations that exist today have gained their independence since 1945. During this period over 2,300 individuals have ruled the various nations of the world; this encyclopedia offers insight into the history of individual nations. "Whether in power for a day or for more than half a century, famous or unknown, the leaders of 190 independent countries each have a substantial biography in this new cumulation. . . . No other directory covers these lesser-known individuals as well as prominent leaders. . . . Heads of States and Governments is a unique and valuable reference source for historical biographies of the heads of government world-wide. Highly recommended for academic and public libraries." - Choice