Crop production has always been of quintessence for human civilization. Human beings have always been largely dependent on crops to secure food and fiber. Lately, even fuel has become an essential product derived from crops. There has been a steep rise in the need for crop production in recent times, driven by growing population and changing consumption habits. The purpose of this book is to present the upcoming challenges, advances and future prospects of crop production. It covers extensive subjects like latest agronomic practices to increase productivity, rise of difficulties posed by climatic changes, improvement in use of water resources, usage of fertilizers, etc. This text is ideal for students and experts interested in sustainable crop yield.